Newton's and Fresnel's Diffraction Experiments The Continuation of Newton's Diffraction
Experiments Diffraction of Light at Slit and Hindrance Interference-Angle Condition, Diffraction and
Imagery Diffraction One After Another and with
Intermediate Imagery Diminishing of Frequency of Light after
Diffraction Inner and Outer Diffraction-Fringes at
Circular Openings Superposition of Interference and Diffraction Diffraction Experiments with Inhomogeneous
Illumination Experiments with Polarized Light at Slit and
Double-Slit The Background of Diffraction-Figures Trial for Interpretation of Newton's Diffraction
Experiments Consequences for Photons out of Newton's
Diffraction Experiments Consequences for Structure of Electrons out of
that of Photons The Thermally Conditioned Electromagnetic Field Diffraction and Light-Emission of Electrons Energy-Steps of Electrons in Magnetic Eigen-Field Faraday's Electro-tonic States Near-Field Optics with Regard to Newton's
Diffraction-Experiments Consideration of Magnetic Moment of Electron
in Quantum Theories |
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Consequences for Structure of Electrons out of that of Photons
Nieke inferred the structure of photons as electromagnetic vortex-pairs from Newton's diffraction experiments and from the statement for structure of photons by Heisenberg. The possibility of pair-formation and positron annihilation demands an electromagnetic vortex-twin for the structure of electrons; it gives the right symmetry of electron. So positrons have the same structure, only the direction of rotation of vortices is opposite. Pauli's principle is commented to be corrected: + and - is valid for direction of rotation and not for antiparallel direction of electrons. So the b-emission could be described in a new way. .....applicationsThe here developed models of photon and electron allow and requires a completion of interpretation of many physical appearances with electrons and photons. It is presupposed as known that super-conductivity and super-fluidity can be successfully described with vortex-dynamics. Thomson [36] and Heaviside [37] attempted to interpret the inertia of charged particles with self-induction according Lenz's principle. With the field of charge that conducted to no positive result. With the field of the charges and magnetic moments producing fields this could be attempted again. Opposite to Thomson and Heaviside, this principle is also to transfer to altogether uncharged particles. Then the behaviour according to the theory of special relativity could be based on changed returning movements of the charge producing fields by interaction of particles with itself, that is with its field. Einstein [38] asked (translated): "Should not be the basis-quality of matter, the inertia, be to interpret field-theoretically?" References[1] H. Nieke, Newtons Beugungsexperimente und ihre Weiterführung. Halle 1997, Comp. Print 1, Arbeit 12. (vorhanden in vielen deutschen Universitätsbibliotheken). Newton's Diffraction Experiments and their Continuation. Halle 1997, comp. print 2, paper 12. (Available in some university libraries). [2] As [1], paper 13 [3] A. Sommerfeld, Vorlesungen über theoretische Physik, Bd. II, Mechanik der deformierbaren Medien. Akad. Verlagsges., Leipzig 1945, S. 155 [4] K. Winter, Phys. Bl. 49 (1993) 621 [5] H. Schopper, Materie und Antimaterie, München 1969. [6] H. Genz, Naturwiss. 82 (1995) 170 [7] As [1], paper 6 [8] H.Dehmelt, Science 247 (1990) 539 [9] W.Pauli, Aufsätze und Vorträge über Physik und Erkenntnistheorie. Vieweg, Braunschweig 1961, S. 120-146 (Nobel-Vortrag 1946); Z. Physik 31 (1925) 373, 765. Collected and Selected Papers. New York 1964. [10] G. E. Uhlenbeck u. S. Goudsmith, Naturwiss. 13 (1925) 953. [11] J. Frenkel, Z. Physik 37 (1926) 243; 47 (1928) 786. [12] As [9], S. 155. [13] H. Schopper, Phil. Mag. 2 (1957) 720 [14] J. Keßler, Phys. Bl. 38 (1982) 31; 48 (1992) 1013. [15] F. Scheck, in: Physics at KAON, Proceedings Bad Honnef 1989, Springer Berlin a. o. 1990; Z. Phys. C, Part. a. Fields 46 (1990) 73 [16] A. H. Lorentz, Theory of Elektrons. Leipzig 1916; In: Enzyklop. d. math. Wiss. Bd. 5, T 2 S. 145-188, Teubner, Leipzig 1904-1922. [17] J. Stark, Die Physik der Atomoberfläche. Hirzel, Leipzig 1940. [18] W. M. Hicks, Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. London Ser. A 192 (1899) 33. [19] W. Kossel, Valenzkräfte und Röntgenspektren. Springer, Berlin 1924, S.11 u. 49. [20] P. A. M. Dirac, Die Prinzipien der Quantenmechanik. Hirzel, Leipzig 1930; The Principles of Quantum Mechanics. Clarendon Press Oxford 1935,1947, 1958. Reported in: A. Sommerfeld: Atombau und Spektrallinien II. Vieweg, Braunschweig 1960, S. 209-341. Atomic Struture and Spectral Lines. Matuse, London 1923,1940. Atomic Structure and Spectallines. Methuse, London 1923. 1930, 1934. [21] O. Wiener, Abh. math.-nat. Kl. Sächs. Akad. 38 (1921) No IV; Ber. mat.-nat. Kl. Sächs. Akad. 75 (1923) 132; 76 (1924) 170. [22] L. de Broglie, Théorie géneral des particules á spin (méthode de fusion). Paris 1943. [23] M. Born a. H. W. Peng, Nature 153 (1944) 164. [24] H. Jehle, Phys. Rev (3) D 11 (1975) 2147. [25] D. L. Pekeris, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. (USA) 72 (1975) 2037. [26] J. P. Dahl, Math. Fys. Med. Vid. Selsk. 39 (1977) No 12. [27] L. P. Hugston, Twistor and Particles. Lecture notes in physics, Bd. 97, Springer, Berlin, Göttingen, Heidelberg, New York 1979, S.102. [28] G. Mack a. V. B. Petkova, Ann. Phys. (New York) 125 (1980) 117. [29] H. Hönl, Erg. ex. Naturwiss. 26 (1952) 291 [30] E. Schrödinger, Sitzungsber. Preuß. Akad. Berlin, math.- phys. Kl. (1930) 422 [31] F.Bopp, Naturwiss. Rundschau 35 (1982) 236. [32] H. Harari, Sci. Am. (USA) 248 (1983) NR. 4, p. 48; Spectrum d. Wiss. (1983) Juni S. 54. [33] M. Pavsic, E. Recami, W. A. Rodrigues, Jr, G. D. Maccarrone, F. Raciti a. G. Salesi, Physics Letters, B (Amsterdam) 318 (1993 ) 481. [34] A. Hautot, Physics Essays (Canada) 6 (1993) 152. [35] J. Wasserman, Specul. Sc. Techn. 15 (1992) 221. [36] J. J. Thomson, Phil. Mag. (5) 11 (1881) 229; 28 (1889) 1. [37] O. Heaviside, Phil. Mag. (5) 27 (1889) 324. [38] A. Einstein, Out of my later years. Phil. Lib., New York 1950; Aus meinen späten Tagen. D. Verl.-Anst. Stuttgart 1979, S. 112.
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